How to article covering the very basic's of tonal value by Don Johnson

Tonal Value

by Don Johnson

“As a density value, tone is the same as an area with a uniform density. Tones in an image reflect the variation of light and shade in the subject.”

 Wow that’s a mouthful for sure; tonal value could be studied for weeks on end; here in this short how to article we will touch on the very basic’s of tonal value. In the simplest terms you can think of tonal value as light or dark of a color regardless of its hue. Tonal value is what creates the illusion of volume and depth in your paintings; you can throw as much color in the painting as you want without tonal value you end up with a flat looking work of art.  

Here with this simple block or cube exercise we will experiment with tonal value and practice applying color (airbrushing)  to achieve different tonal values that will give our cube shape and depth.   

Materials required: Bristol board, Golden Airbrush Colors, one sheet of Frisket film, double action airbrush, air source, and easel.

   Step 1 – Apply your Frisket film to your painting surface, in my case that’s smooth Bristol board. Work all the air bubbles out of the Frisket by working from the center out to the edges.

Step 2 – You don’t want to draw your cube directly on your painting surface as the pencil lines will be impossible to cover. Drawing your design on the masking in this case Frisket is your best option to work around that problem. I always lay my designs out on tracing paper first and than transfer the design to the masking from the tracing paper. It’s much easier to correct mistakes in my design on the tracing paper than if I drew my design on the masking material. Draw yourself a nice block or cube and transfer it to the Frisket.

 

Step 3 – Transfer your cube to the Frisket using my method you simple re trace the cube on back of the tracing paper place it original side up and trace the cube once again. This transfers the cube onto the Frisket very nicely, you might need to darken the lines on the Frisket but at least the basic design is in place.

 

 

Step 4 – With a number 11 blade and a hobby knife carefully cut all the lines in your cube. We will be starting with the darkest areas and working to the lightest on this cube. Figure from which direction your light source will be coming from and remove that section of Frisket which is covering the section on the cube that will be the darkest. In my example that’s the right section on my cube; it’s there I start applying color. Work from the darkest area of that section to the lightest. For this example I will be using red as it shows up better than black in this articles it seems.

 

 

 

Above you can see my progress appling color to this first side. My airbrush pressure with a gravity feed double action airbrush and Golden Airbrush colors is about 15 PSI. I stay back from the surface two or three inches and build the color up very slowly.

With side one completed remove the next section of Frisket covering the area on the cube which will be the second darkest area of your cube, the top piece of Frisket. Start applying your color in the back corner and work your way forward in that section. Sense we are using just one color in this exercise there is not need to replace Frisket back over side one.  

 

 

Step 5 – Continue to apply color until you are happy with your results; keep in mind it’s easier to go back and darken an area than it is to go back and try and lighten an area up. Build your color up very slowly working from the darkest areas on side two to the lightest.

Step 6 – We’re on the home stretch now, remove the last piece of Frisket from the very front of your cube. This will be the lightest area as it is closest to our light source; apply your color accordingly.

Step – 7 At this point your cube should look more or less like the one pictured above. Remember keep this side of the cube very light as it’s closets to our light source.

Finished  - Remove the surrounding Frisket and there you have your finished cube. Try doing another cube but this time do each side the same tonal value to see just how big a difference it makes. By using our color wisely and rendering darker and lighter areas on the cube we have given the cube the illusion of both depth and volume.  If you have trouble picking out tone/value in a colored picture or view, 'squint' at it. I hope you found this helpful.  

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